THE INFLUENCE OF LEGUMES ON SOIL FERTILITY IN THE DRY STEPPE ZONE OF THE ABAY REGION

In modern conditions, in order to ensure the food security of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the Abay region, it is necessary to build an effective functioning market economy. In the prevailing global trends, the agro-industrial complex provides the highest profitability among the economic sectors of Kazakhstan due to its large natural and climatic agro-potential [1]. Kazakhstan has unique natural conditions for the cultivation of grain crops with high technological qualities. Grain production has always been given great attention, as it provides the population with food, supplies raw materials for industry, serves as animal feed, and is also the main object of international economic relations. The cultivation of legumes in the dry steppe zone of Kazakhstan requires an integrated approach that takes into account the peculiarities of the climate and soil [2,3]. Soil fertility is already deteriorating in the regions of the Abay region. Food security, reducing the risk of climate change and meeting the growing demand for energy will become increasingly important tasks in the coming years [4]. One of the real and economically beneficial ways to stop the decline in soil fertility and increase agricultural production, along with the use of chemicals, is to intensify the biologization of agriculture. The basis of biologization of agriculture is the introduction of leguminous crops into crop rotation. Legumes, together with bacteria, play a huge role in the nitrogen balance of the soil. Due to the presence of nodules with a large number of nodule bacteria on their roots, they are able to convert air nitrogen into a form available for assimilation by plants [5]. After the death of plants, legumes increase the nitrogen content in the soil, and thus the legume-rhizobial symbiosis pumps nitrogen from the atmosphere into the soil [6,7].