Additive manufacturing in construction: bridging innovation and sustainability

Additive manufacturing (AM) is rapidly transforming the construction industry by introducing new possibilities in design, sustainability, and cost efficiency. This review explores the latest developments in AM technologies, materials, and real-world applications, with a particular focus on case studies that demonstrate AM’s practical value. Key techniques such as fused deposition modeling, binder jetting, and shotcrete 3D printing are examined for their ability to produce complex architectural forms, reduce construction time, and minimize material waste. Case studies—including the YHNOVA project in France, the Office of the Future in Dubai, the MX3D Bridge in Amsterdam, ICON’s 3D-printed homes in Mexico, COBOD’s infrastructure in India, and Indonesia’s MODULA 3D project—highlight the growing global relevance of AM across residential, commercial, and public sectors. In addition, this paper reviews emerging innovations such as multi-material printing and the use of sustainable alternatives like geopolymer concrete. While AM presents clear benefits, its wider adoption faces challenges related to regulatory standards, technological scalability, and material limitations. This review concludes that with continued research and cross-disciplinary collaboration, AM holds strong potential to enable more sustainable, affordable, and innovative construction solutions worldwide.