Autonomous Fire Fighting Robot

Abstract - Fire-related incidents pose significant threats to life and property, necessitating rapid and effective fire suppression mechanisms. This paper presents the design and implementation of an autonomous fire extinguisher robot aimed at reducing human intervention in hazardous firefighting scenarios. The proposed system is intended for small-scale fire suppression applications, including industrial facilities, residential environments, and remote locations where manual firefighting is impractical or dangerous. The robot utilizes infrared (IR) flame sensors to detect the presence of fire, with data processed through an Arduino Uno microcontroller. Mobility is achieved via an L298N motor driver module, enabling the robot to navigate toward the fire source. Upon fire detection, a servo motor precisely orients a nozzle, while a 12V DC water pump controlled through a relay module delivers a targeted water jet for fire suppression. This configuration ensures efficient water usage and operational reliability using cost-effective and readily available hardware components. The proposed system enhances firefighting safety and responsiveness by minimizing direct human exposure to fire hazards. Future enhancements include the integration of machine learning (ML) models for improved fire detection accuracy and false alarm reduction through AI- enabled visual analysis. Furthermore, implementing autonomous navigation via LiDAR or ultrasonic sensors and path planning algorithms can enhance obstacle avoidance capabilities. The addition of multi-agent extinguishing systems for handling various fire classes and IoT-based remote monitoring functionalities can further expand the applicability of the system to larger and more complex environments. Key Words: Autonomous Robot, Fire Detection, Arduino Uno, Flame Sensor, Fire Suppression, Path Planning, Embedded System, Mobile Robotics, Real-Time Control, Low-Cost Design.