Design and Implementation of a Dual Axis Solar Tracking System using ATmega32

This work presents the design and development of a cost-effective and effective Dual Axis Solar Tracker system based on the ATmega32 microcontroller. Unlike conventional fixed or single-axis trackers, the dual-axis tracker maximizes the collection of solar energy by tilting the panel in the azimuth (horizontal) and elevation (vertical) axes. Four Light Dependent Resistors (LDRs) arranged in a quadrant are utilized to calculate the direction of maximum sunlight. Based on the analog input from the sensors, the ATmega32 compares and processes light intensities to generate PWM signals that drive two servo motors that are used for real-time panel positioning. A comparative study with a fixed panel under the same conditions indicates a 20– 35% increase in energy output. This paper stresses the feasibility of constructing an intelligent, autonomous sun tracking solution utilizing low-cost elements, showing much promise for household, business, and rural electrification systems.