Authors

• Christian Douglas (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8902-0531)
• Leena B. Mithal (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1070-5306)
• Chris McKennan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2096-8257)
• Gloria Pryhuber (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9185-3994)
• Monique M. Hedderson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1768-0412)
• Jennifer Check
• Robert S. Tepper (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3322-5903)
• Mark L. Hudak (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9405-3522)
• Sarah A. Keim (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3490-3649)
• Daphne Koinis‐Mitchell (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5009-1647)
• Diane Catellier (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3082-628X)
• Casper G. Bendixsen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3419-6940)
• Kristina Walker Whitworth (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2334-6066)
• Annemarie Stroustrup (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5667-6195)
• Tisa Johnson-Hooper
• Emily A. Knapp (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3953-9874)
• Sally Ozonoff (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1230-0794)
• Meghan Miller (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1260-4149)
• Jeffrey J. VanWormer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8733-8703)
• Michael J. Paidas (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5561-7196)
• Jenae M. Neiderhiser (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4474-5330)
• Andrea E. Cassidy‐Bushrow (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8272-4448)
• Rachana Singh (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7783-1214)
• Michael S. Bloom (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0028-5494)
• Li Luo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0728-8628)
• Judy L. Aschner (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8420-7794)
• Meghan M. JaKa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5744-7215)
• Daniel B. Horton (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1831-1339)
• Thomas G. O’Connor (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8590-5057)
• Kristy Palomares
• Amanda L. Thompson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5872-738X)
• Sheela Sathyanarayana
• Matthew J. Blitz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5534-6928)
• Roger Newman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2422-619X)
• Madeleine Lenski
• Carmen J. Marsit (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4566-150X)
• Brent R. Collett (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0729-4326)
• Lyndsay A. Avalos (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8748-0614)
• Robert O. Wright (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1180-6459)
• Katherine Rivera‐Spoljaric (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6398-732X)
• Ravi V. Shah (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4471-7156)
• James E. Gern (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6667-4708)
• Brenda Bradley Poindexter (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1013-9896)
• Emily S. Barrett (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9463-524X)
• Kartik K. Venkatesh (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8043-556X)
• Viren A. D’Sa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3476-8419)
• Daniel J. Jackson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6938-2690)
• Yu Ni (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6552-898X)
• Carole Ober (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4626-9809)
• Eliot R. Spindel
• Angelo P. Giardino (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4029-4301)
• Cynthia M. Loncar
• Brianna F. Moore (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1084-3349)
• Stephanie L. Merhar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3331-4220)
• Deborah Rinehart (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3002-8875)
• Wesley Jackson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9403-381X)
• Hudson P. Santos (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4040-366X)
• Amy Eapen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1629-1511)
• Brandon Rennie (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1548-4322)
• Jo Wilson
• Jennifer Ames (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0906-9162)
• Sarah S. Osmundson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7626-9992)
• Gurjit K. Khurana Hershey (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6663-977X)
• Juhi Pandey
• JOHN A. JUN. MCLEAN (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8918-6419)
• Craig J. Newschaffer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4148-3593)
• Ganesa Wegienka (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7281-1193)
• Michelle Hernandez
• Thomas F. Northrup (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3275-3168)
• Dennis R. Ownby (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0944-6466)
• Michelle L. Macy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4401-7384)
• Emily Ho (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3522-3779)
• Courtney D. Lynch (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4642-9772)
• Tina V. Hartert (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7470-1166)
• Kohei Hasegawa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5739-7999)
• Jean M. Kerver (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5006-3622)
• Sophie Jan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1796-6464)
• Natalie Meirowitz
• T. Michael O’Shea (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6692-911X)
• Leslie D. Leve (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3061-4524)
• Christine T. Loftus (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5232-7342)
• Sarah Dee Geiger (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2738-0245)
• Martin J. Blaser (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2447-2443)
• Jonathan E. Posner (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2704-1094)
• Julie Beth Herbstman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5531-163X)
• José F. Cordero (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0564-6391)
• Thomas O’Connor (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9002-2734)
• Christine M. Seroogy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0532-3701)
• Kelly N. Botteron (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5276-9653)
• Lisa Croen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7849-9428)
• Aaron Hamvas (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5749-7797)
• Charles Barone
• Anne P. Starling (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6638-8314)
• Edward M. Zoratti (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2626-0682)
• Meghan H. Shilts (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3879-6070)
• Julie V. Rollins (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3586-1711)
• Karen Young (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9452-2293)
• Rebecca J. Schmidt (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1582-2747)
• Lisa P. Jacobson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1722-6826)
• Linda S. Adair (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3670-8073)
• Akram N. Alshawabkeh (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5243-4087)
• Carrie V. Breton (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6082-4066)
• Todd Rosen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5810-5129)
• Suman R. Das (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2496-9724)
• Monica McGrath (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2271-0743)
• Wei Perng (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8552-6850)
• L. Kristin Newby (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6394-8187)
• Nathalie L. Maitre (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8520-9302)
• Sara B. DeMauro (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1647-4000)
• Michael E. Msall (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2037-5769)
• Michele R. Hacker (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-9991)
• Brent Davidson
• Mallory Alkis (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0505-6017)
• Frank D. Gilliland
• Susan V. Lynch (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5695-7336)
• Amii Kress (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1903-696X)
• Traci A. Bekelman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0840-1186)
• Christine L.M. Joseph (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0069-4391)
• Ruby H.N. Nguyen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6598-8457)
• Ronald E. Gangnon (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2587-6714)
• JoNell Potter (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4620-2316)
• Lisa R. Eiland
• Sara S. Nozadi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9702-4452)
• Stephen R. Hooper (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6761-4504)
• Heather H. Burris (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4510-9547)
• Andréa Sílvia Walter de Aguiar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4316-9020)
• Robert T. Schultz
• Assiamira M. Ferrara (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7505-4826)
• Michelle W. Katzow (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1915-6094)
• Genevieve Taylor (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7192-7976)
• Tracey J. Woodruff (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3622-1297)
• Kirin N. Suri
• James R. Roberts
• Nicole T. Spillane (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9689-0743)
• Courtney K. Blackwell (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0934-0207)
• Burton Rochelson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6736-1105)
• Jody M. Ganiban (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5908-6644)
• Lisa K. Washburn (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1972-7571)
• Ruben Vaidya (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6674-4692)
• Joseph Piven (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0255-9003)
• Meyer Kattan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5533-9368)
• Karen M. Tabb (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4722-9502)
• Theresa M. Bastain (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0029-5641)
• Greta N. Wilkening (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9665-1304)
• Steven L. Pastyrnak (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5576-4241)
• Lunthita Duthely (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9003-3257)
• Alison E. Hipwell (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7179-1151)
• Lynne M. Smith (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3086-9167)
• Kelly Bear
• Leonard B. Bacharier (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0432-2704)
• Jane E. Freedman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0011-6164)
• Stephanie A. Fisher (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5085-1163)
• Rosalind J. Wright (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4262-2807)
• Kristen Lyall (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4633-0799)
• Susan L. Schantz
• Christina Sakai
• Elizabeth T. Jensen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2704-6634)
• Joseph B. Stanford (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9932-3947)
• Carlos A. Camargo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5071-7654)
• Richard K. Miller (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6691-7538)
• Margaret Rita Karagas (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6398-7362)
• Abbey Sidebottom (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5852-3539)
• Rachel A. Morello-Frosch (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1153-7287)
• BENNETT L. LEVENTHAL (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6985-3691)
• Daniel S. Messinger (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9551-675X)
• Semsa Gogcu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0429-9404)
• Heather C. Hazlett (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9166-1434)
• Cindy T. McEvoy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8501-8813)
• Christine Cole Johnson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6864-6604)
• Ako Adams Ako
• Claudia I. Lugo-Candelas (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8388-9479)
• Zhongzheng Niu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7168-8581)
• Caitlin G. Howe (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4935-9298)
• Richard C Gershon (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0085-0112)
• Stephen J. Sheinkopf (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3836-4339)
• Hector Mendez‐Figueroa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9510-1706)
• Shohreh F. Farzan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9897-3692)
• Jean A. Frazier (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7055-3530)
• Simon Alexander Mallal (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7036-1309)
• Lyndsey E. Shorey‐Kendrick (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8060-0097)
• Johnnye Lewis (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0141-7679)
• Catherine Monk (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7827-2602)
• Zenobia Brown (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4514-4839)
• Anne Marie Singh (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8308-8145)
• Maxwell Armand Mansolf (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6861-8657)
• Rebecca Landa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8894-8995)
• Amy E. Margolis (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3334-6783)
• John Ainsworth (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2187-9195)
• Julie B. Schweitzer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0257-1651)
• Susan Carnell (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6200-3635)
• Andrea Lampland
• Tamarra James‐Todd (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3589-5169)
• Irva Hertz‐Picciotto (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6952-2390)
• Juliette C. Madan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0542-1368)
• Scott T. Weiss (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7196-303X)
• Yeyi Zhu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7296-738X)
• Sheryl Magzamen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2874-3530)
• Nigel Paneth (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0151-966X)
• Kaja Z. LeWinn (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8245-7279)
• Jin‐Shei Lai (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1840-2537)
• Jonathan L. Slaughter (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6831-7520)
• Frances A. Tylavsky (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9479-8003)
• Julie L. Daniels (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9658-3743)
• Amy Padula (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1435-4814)
• Maria Gloria Domínguez-Bello (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8879-6159)
• Deborah H. Bennett (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6698-2316)
• Anne Lang Dunlop (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5092-8136)
• Robert M. Joseph (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6879-0254)
• Rebecca C. Fry (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0899-9018)
• Codruța Chiuzan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8169-5032)
• Priya Duggal (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5809-2081)
• Chris Fussman
• Rita S. Strakovsky (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3551-1615)
• Patricia A. Brennan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3742-2891)
• R.J.K. Wood (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-9239)
• Brian Scott Carter (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0539-9164)
• Andrew Haddad (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1910-9279)
• Tebeb Gebretsadik (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4548-3010)
• Christina A. Porucznik (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1973-2917)
• GLORISA J. CANINO (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1775-4020)
• Keia Sanderson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7759-4220)
• Jennifer K. Straughen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2208-524X)
• Rima Habre (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2103-1706)
• Christine W. Hockett (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1665-6763)
• Ricardo A. Mosquera (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5350-331X)
• Rawad Obeid (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1762-9174)
• Kun Lu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1370-8633)
• Catherine J. Karr
• Augusto A. Litonjua (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0422-5875)
• Dana Dabelea (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9514-8929)
• Kecia N. Carroll (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6646-1374)
• Nicole Baumann-Blackmore
• Sunni L. Mumford (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0133-3176)
• Albert M. Levin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6993-1669)
• Zhaozhong Zhu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5662-1541)
• Douglas M. Ruden (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0070-437X)
• Jeffrey A. Goldstein (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4086-057X)
• Elaine Symanski (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9073-8898)
• Jennifer Helderman
• Todd M. Everson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2732-4550)
• Qi Zhao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0515-7062)
• Lynn M. Yee (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6274-0544)
• Audrey Urquhart (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1299-5151)
• Nicole R. Bush (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-9975)
• Paul E. Moore (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5123-207X)
• Heather E. Volk (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5415-2494)
• Timothy J. Rafael
• Sean Deoni (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0633-6328)
• Ann Marie Reynolds Lyndaker
• Antonia F. Olidipo
• Natale Ruby
• Young S. Kim (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6766-1722)
• Manuel E. Jiménez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0497-1480)
• Ashley F. Sullivan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6783-1720)
• Arumugam R. Jayakumar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2115-7860)
• Rachel Miller (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4766-9898)
• Amy J. Elliott (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3592-5957)
• Wendy L. Stone (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8546-7536)
• Michael R. Elliott (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4128-5527)
• Diane R. Gold
• Isabel Maldonado
• Janine M. LaSalle (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3480-2031)
• Caitlin Rollins
• Kelly J . Hunt
• Somer Bishop
• Tenneill Murray
• Barry M. Lester
• Elisabeth C. McGowan
• Leonardo Trasande
• David Cella
• Cristiane S. Duarte
• Charles R. Neal
• Patrick Ryan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8662-9122)
• P. Brian Smith
• Emily Oken
• Kim Woodcroft
• Raye‐Ann deRegnier
• Alex Sitarik
• Steven Dager
• Matt Altman
• Robert F. Lemanske
• Tengfei Ma
• John Meeker (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8357-5085)
• Hans-Georg Mueller
• Debra M. MacKenzie
• Dawnette Lewis
• Angela Montgomery

Institutions

• Dartmouth College (US)
• University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
• University of Southern California (US)
• Tufts University (US)
• Northeastern University (US)
• Northwell Health (US)
• Children's Mercy Hospital (US)
• Kaiser Permanente (US)
• Harvard University (US)
• Johns Hopkins University (US)
• Colorado School of Public Health (US)
• Henry Ford Health System (US)
• University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
• University of Tennessee Health Science Center (US)
• Oregon Health & Science University (US)
• University of Georgia (US)
• University of Washington (US)
• San Diego State University (US)
• Brown University (US)
• Avera Health (US)
• University of Rochester Medical Center (US)
• University of Florida (US)
• Massachusetts General Hospital (US)
• Harvard Pilgrim Health Care (US)
• Cohen Children's Medical Center (US)
• Children's Minnesota (US)
• Children's Hospital at Montefiore (US)
• Marshfield Clinic (US)
• Cohort (United Kingdom) (GB)
• Wake Forest University (US)
• University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus (US)
• University at Buffalo, State University of New York (US)
• Michigan State University (US)
• Vanderbilt University Medical Center (US)
• Florida College (US)

Publication Details

Journal

JAMA Network Open

Published

2025-05-08

DOI

https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.9205

Citations

5

Primary Topic

Birth, Development, and Health

Type

article

Field-Weighted Citation Impact

17.47

Funders

• National Institutes of Health
• NIH Office of the Director