Legal Analysis of Reclaimed Wastewater Management in Indonesia: Reference to Malaysia and Singapore

Indonesia faces a significant challenge in wastewater management, exacerbated by environmental degradation and the changing climate. This study addresses two main questions: What is the legal framework governing reclaimed wastewater management in Indonesia? How is the implementation of reclaimed wastewater management conducted in Indonesia? The answers to these questions guide the objectives of analyzing national and international regulations to identify barriers and proposing improvements through a normative legal analysis method with primary legal material, focusing on international, national, and local regulations regarding wastewater reclamation. The findings reveal that although Indonesia has established a legal framework for wastewater management, it lacks a clear enforcement mechanism, and its implementation is fragmented at the local level. Due to regional disparities, such policy implementation should evaluate and adopt suitable international best practices on wastewater treatment and recycling mechanisms. This study recommends policy harmonization, increased investment in infrastructure, and the adoption of best practices in sustainable wastewater management. Public awareness and private sector engagement are also essential to ensuring effective implementation and long-term sustainability.