Analyzing the Dimensionality of the Emotional Dependency Questionnaire (CDE) in Ecuadorian University Students

This study examined the dimensionality of the Emotional Dependence Questionnaire (CDE) in a sample of 440 Ecuadorian university students. Through factor analysis, three structural models—six oblique factors, hierarchical, and bifactor—were compared, with the bifactor model demonstrating the best fit. The findings suggest that emotional dependence is an unidimensional construct with additional specific components, as indicated by robust fit indices (?H = .90, LCS = .70, PUC = .78). Reliability analysis confirmed excellent internal consistency for the general factor (? = .96) and acceptable-to-good reliability for specific factors (? = .70 to .90). Convergent validity was supported by significant correlations with dimensions of Young’s Schema Questionnaire. These results establish the CDE as a valid and reliable instrument for assessing emotional dependence in Ecuadorian university students. Practical applications include their use in clinical settings to identify and address emotional dependence patterns and in educational contexts for preventive interventions. Future research should explore the questionnaire’s psychometric properties across diverse populations and cultural settings. Received: 1 November 2024 / Accepted: 17 April 2025 / Published: 08 May 2025