Long-Term Outcomes of Maxillary Alveolar Process Trauma and Primary Incisor Injury in Early Childhood: A Case Report

<b>Background</b>: Traumatic injuries to the alveolar process and primary teeth in early childhood can have long-term consequences on the development of permanent dentition and eruption pathways. <b>Objective</b>: This case report aims to illustrate the impact of early orofacial trauma on the eruption and development of permanent maxillary incisors and to emphasize the importance of timely interdisciplinary management. <b>Case Presentation</b>: An 8-year-old female patient presented to a pediatric dentistry clinic with delayed eruption of the maxillary anterior permanent teeth. In contrast, her monozygotic twin sister exhibited complete eruption of all permanent anterior teeth, raising parental concern regarding a possible pathological delay. Her medical history revealed orofacial trauma at the age of two, resulting in an alveolar process fracture, avulsion of the primary maxillary left central incisor (tooth 61), and luxation of the primary maxillary right central incisor (tooth 51). A clinical examination demonstrated sufficient arch space without signs of eruption and enamel defects on tooth 52. Radiographic evaluations, including panoramic imaging and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), confirmed the presence of impacted permanent teeth with structural anomalies suggestive of trauma-related developmental disturbances. Results: The patient underwent a multidisciplinary treatment over a three-year period involving pediatric dentistry, oral surgery, and orthodontics. Management included surgical exposure of the impacted teeth followed by orthodontic traction to guide the eruption and treatment of enamel hypoplasia. <b>Conclusions</b>: This case highlights the long-term consequences of early traumatic dental injuries on permanent dentition development. It underscores the necessity of early diagnosis and a coordinated interdisciplinary approach to optimize outcomes and enhance the long-term oral health and quality of life of affected individuals.