Proximity to Golf Courses and Risk of Parkinson Disease
In this population-based case-control study, the greatest risk of PD was found within 1 to 3 miles of a golf course and risk generally decreased with distance. Associations with the largest effect sizes were in water service areas with a golf course and in vulnerable ground water regions.
Authors
- James H. Bower
- Brittany Krzyzanowski (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4774-6120)
- Emanuele Camerucci (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5510-9834)
- Rodolfo Savica (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2543-0627)
- Pierpaolo Turcano (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3240-8348)
- E. Ray Dorsey (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5140-1248)
- Aidan F. Mullan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8076-6935)
- Sai Shivani Chirag
Institutions
- Barrow Neurological Institute (US)
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- University of Rochester Medical Center (US)
- University of Kansas Medical Center (US)
- Mayo Clinic in Florida (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- JAMA Network Open
- Published
- 2025-05-08
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.9198
- Citations
- 11
- Primary Topic
- Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 15.28
Funders
- Parkinson's Disease Foundation
- ACADIA Pharmaceuticals
- National Institutes of Health