Unraveling remagnetization sources using statistical learning

The paleomagnetic archive provides invaluable insights into Earth's history, but its records are often obscured by various geological processes. A prime example is remagnetization, which can replace the original natural remanent magnetization. Although magnetic overprints can be detected by traditional paleomagnetic tests, the mechanisms responsible for them often remain elusive because linking bulk magnetic properties to their microscopic sources is inherently challenging. Here, we bridge this gap by pairing an extensive rock magnetic and geochemical dataset with statistical learning techniques for the first time. Using a Random Forest regressor trained on geochemical data, we accurately predict the growth of fine-grained magnetite in an undeformed late Ediacaran section of remagnetized carbonate rocks from Paraguay. Our modeling results identify the K/Al ratio—alongside K and Sr contents—as key predictors of this remagnetization mechanism. Notably, clay mineralogy analyses further link the K/Al ratio to enhanced clay authigenesis (illitization) driven by K-feldspar dissolution and albitization—processes that also release iron. Together, these findings indicate that remagnetization occurred via authigenic magnetite formation under isochemical diagenesis—without the involvement of external fluids. This novel application of statistical learning to uncover the geochemical drivers of chemical remagnetizations provides a robust framework to investigate and understand these events. It could also open new avenues for their direct dating, thereby significantly enriching the global paleomagnetic record. • Ediacaran Itapucumi Group in Paraguay has undergone pervasive remagnetization. • Statistical Learning is used to identify the drivers behind remagnetization. • Burial-induced, closed-system clay diagenesis drove Itapucumi Group remagnetization.