Coordinated Adaptive Droop Control of Large-Scale Energy Storage Systems for Primary Frequency Support in Energy Management Systems

Energy storage systems (ESS) can contribute significantly to power system frequency stability, a topic that has garnered significant attention in research. However, when utilized for primary frequency regulation in large power systems integrated with an energy management system (EMS), the rapid response of the ESS can degrade the frequency control capabilities of other generator governors, leading to control interactions and oscillations. As the deployment of ESS for frequency regulation increases, the issue of control interactions and oscillations becomes more pressing, necessitating solutions at the operational level. However, in South Korea, the entity responsible for real-time network operation through the EMS differs from the entity controlling facilities such as ESS. Therefore, a more advanced coordinated control strategy is needed from both operational and control perspectives. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive control strategy, multiple simulation scenarios were conducted using data from the Korean power system. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed strategy enhances primary frequency regulation and transient stability while effectively mitigating oscillations.