Systematic review of biomaterials for bone regeneration: clinical findings in bucomaxillofacial

Introduction: In the bone engineering scenario and the molecular and cellular constituents, when grafting procedures are needed, the focus is often on the type of biomaterial to be used and the success and predictability of results do not depend only on the biomaterial. It is also necessary to consider the type of defect to be treated, and its morphology. Objective: It was performed a systematic review of bone regeneration processes using biomaterials and the main molecular and cellular constituents for bone regeneration. Methods: The present study was followed by a systematic review model (PRISMA). The search strategy was performed in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: The total of 132 articles were found involving implantology and biomaterials. A total of 62 articles were fully evaluated and 17 were included in the systematic review. A total of 34 studies were excluded because they did not meet the GRADE and AMSTAR-2 criteria, and 6 studies were excluded because they had a high risk of bias. The symmetric funnel plot does not suggest a risk of bias between the small sample size studies. According to the aim of this study on bone regeneration processes with the use of biomaterials and the main molecular and cellular constituents for bone regeneration, the symmetric funnel plot does not suggest a risk of bias between the small sample size studies. It was found that the search for a solution to large bone defects guided the studies for regeneration therapy tissue or bone regeneration. These studies can promote the use of fillers and epithelial barriers that help in the treatment as an adjuvant to bone graft techniques, favoring greater predictability in alveolar and peri-implant reconstructions and with a good prognosis. The main filler biomaterials can be plasma rich-fibrin or Bio-Oss®. However, it is necessary to understand the chemical, physical and biological processes of both the biological material and the biological niche of the host, crossing compatible information between microenvironments allows cell recognition and signaling cascades for neovascularization and regeneration and bone filling.