Cost-efficient microcontroller-based laser wireless communication prototypes for internet of things applications

Abstract This work demonstrates the feasibility of a cost-efficient laser communication device based on a microcontroller. The prototype is designed to provide an affordable solution for short-range data transmission in scenarios where traditional wired communication is either impractical or too costly, with a particular focus on IoT applications. We present a comprehensive overview of the prototype’s design and implementation, including both hardware configuration and software algorithms for data encoding and decoding. By utilizing parallel coding architecture, the device enables full-duplex data transfer at an approximate bit rate of 500 kbits/s with a bit error rate of 1.4E-08. It has been evaluated in two distinct scenarios: real-time full-duplex voice communication and laser-based communication between two personal computers for text and data transfer. The prototype supports multiple modulation techniques, such as ON–OFF keying, Manchester coding, and pulse position modulation, showcasing its versatility and effectiveness.