Revisiting Seager’s 2013 Habitability Diagram with 2025 Data

Abstract In a 2013 review, S. Seager presented a summary of known exoplanets and discussed habitability within the classic habitable zone (HZ) framework. We extended Seager’s work by incorporating a much larger and more current dataset of 5834 confirmed exoplanets from the NASA Exoplanet Archive. We then further highlighted exoplanet types (Terrestrial, Super-Earth, Neptune-Like, Gas-Giant), scaled data points by planet size, and calculated inner and outer HZ boundaries with a simplified greenhouse-based temperature model. Our updated figure illustrates the distribution of exoplanets relative to stellar mass and exoplanet orbits, underscoring the complex interplay of planetary and stellar properties that drive the potential for habitability.