Transforming Orthodontics: Exploring Evolution and Applications of Artificial Intelligence

The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology, fueled by the increasing availability of extensive datasets, enhanced computing power, and the development of sophisticated algorithms, has led to its widespread integration into various aspects of daily life. AI is making significant inroads in dentistry, particularly in specialties such as orthodontics, prosthodontics, oral and maxillofacial surgery, and periodontics, where it has begun to transform traditional practices. This comprehensive review synthesizes the current literature to explore the application of AI in orthodontics. The focus is primarily on utilizing AI for image-based diagnostic tasks, including the analysis of radiographic and optical images, while addressing the potential applications, benefits, and inherent limitations of AI for non-image-based tasks within the field. AI demonstrates considerable efficacy in image-based diagnostics within orthodontics, significantly enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of the analyses. However, the application of AI to non-image-based tasks is hindered by several challenges, including the scarcity of quantitative data, the inherent complexity of oral health conditions, and the substantial computational power required to process intricate 3D data. Over the past few decades, orthodontics has undergone profound transformations driven by AI-influenced advancements, such as the development of aesthetically improved treatment alternatives, the seamless integration of digital workflows, and the emergence of cutting-edge imaging techniques. These advancements underscore the potential of AI to revolutionize orthodontic care further, offering innovative solutions that enhance both patient outcomes and clinical practices, while paving the way for future developments in the field.