A Fuzzy ANP-based Multi-Criteria Assessment of Barriers for Transformation to Sustainable Aviation: A Case Study in Vietnam

The aviation industry is one of the most important sectors and a major driving force in the global economy. Over the past decades, the aviation industry has grown steadily to meet the increasing demand for transporting people and goods around the world. However, Vietnam's aviation sector faces a complex set of barriers in adopting sustainable aviation practices, which are critical for meeting long-term environmental and energy goals. Lack of Regulatory Frameworks (LRF), Investment and Financing Gaps (IFG), Infrastructure Incompatibility (II), Limited Technological Maturity (LTM), High Production Costs (HPC), Limited Feedstock Availability (LFA), Uncertain Environmental Benefits (UEB), and Airline Industry Resistance (AIR) are eight significant barriers evaluated and ranked in this work using a hybrid Fuzzy-Analytic Network Process (FANP). The analysis produced normalized priority weights indicating LRF (0.2125) and IFG (0.1986) based on expert input; next were II (0.1638) and LTM (0.1429). The lowest weights went to barriers, including AIR (0.0348) and UEB (0.0523). With LRF scoring (L=6.625, M=7.625, U=8.500) and IFG (L=6.125, M=7.625, U=8.125), fuzzy ratings support these results even more and indicate strong expert consensus on their relevance. Fuzzy logic enables one to capture ambiguity and different opinions among interested parties. The findings provide an organized, quantitative foundation for determining which policy and investment interventions should take center stage. This study offers Vietnamese decision-makers a more precise roadmap to overcome key obstacles to sustainable aviation adoption and accelerate the aviation industry's transition toward a low-carbon future.