From the mountains to the genes: genetic diversity among populations of endemic lizard, Darevskia schaekeli (Sauria: Lacertidae), in the Alburz Mountains

Abstract This study investigates the population genetic structure of the endemic lacertid lizard, Darevskia schaekeli , located on the southern slopes of the Eastern Alborz Mountains in Iran. The research highlights the role of the Alborz Mountains as a biodiversity corridor, facilitating the dispersal of reptiles, particularly lizards. Fieldwork conducted in Semnan province involved sampling from three valleys, with genetic analyses performed on two gene fragments, Cytochrome b (Cytb) and Melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R). Results revealed significant genetic differentiation among populations, with 82% of genetic variance attributed to differences between populations. The study identified high genetic distances, particularly between the Siahkhani population and others, indicating limited gene flow and potential inbreeding. Morphological assessments suggested that while these populations exhibit uniform traits, they represent distinct genetic lineages undergoing speciation processes. The findings underscore the importance of habitat isolation in shaping genetic diversity and highlight the need for conservation efforts tailored to these endemic populations. This research contributes to understanding the evolutionary dynamics of Darevskia lizards and sets the foundation for future studies on their conservation and ecological significance within Iran’s unique mountainous ecosystems.