Energy and Environmental Impacts of Greece’s Agricultural Sector: A Diachronic Study with Regional Insights from Western Macedonia

The research explores the long-term connection between Greece's agricultural output, with a focus on both crop and livestock production, and crucial environmental factors like water usage and energy consumption. Through linear regression analysis, the study investigates how these factors affect agricultural value-added, providing insights into the sustainability and efficiency of Greece’s farming sector. The results show a significant (p < 0.05) positive relationship between crop production and agricultural value-added, as well as the significant influence of water usage and energy consumption on the productivity of both crops and livestock. For livestock farming, the analysis revealed a weaker contribution to agricultural value-added at the national level, likely due to structural inefficiencies in the sector. While livestock production benefits significantly from water and energy inputs, it does not have as substantial an economic impact compared to crop production. This research contributes to the field of agricultural economics by offering a historical perspective on how resource management influences agricultural performance over time. It highlights the significance of sustainable practices, especially in areas like the periphery of Western Macedonia, which are shifting from conventional energy sources like lignite to renewable energy. The findings advocate for policies that promote water conservation, energy efficiency, and smart agriculture to enhance productivity and support regional development.