Bridging Knowledge to Practice: Development of Lesson Observation Analysis Protocol (LOAP) Tool

This article presents the development of the Lesson Observation Analysis Protocol (LOAP) tool, designed to bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical teaching in mathematics education. The tool supports structured observation of lessons by capturing instructional activities and evaluating alignment with learning objectives. To validate the tool, it was piloted with six in-service mathematics tutors from Rwandan Teacher Training Colleges (TTCs). The LOAP tool offers a practical framework for capturing real-time teaching practices and supports data-driven reflection and professional development.