Sporadic variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and modern possibilities of lifetime diagnosis (a case from clinical practice)

Background. Creutzfeldt–Jakob Disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by relentless rapid progression and structural damage to the brain, belonging to the group of prion infections. The first description of the disease was made by the German neurologist Alfons Jakob in 1920, based on three patient cases. Independently, in 1921, neurologist Hans Gerhard Creutzfeldt, analyzing a clinical case of a single patient, reported the identification of a new neurological disorder characterized by rapidly progressing psychiatric disturbances, involvement of the extrapyramidal and pyramidal systems, and a fatal outcome. Purpose – of the study was to present a case of sporadic variant of CREUTZFELDT–JAKOB disease and modern possibilities of lifetime diagnosis Materials and methods. A clinical case of a patient with a confirmed diagnosis of Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease during life is presented for consideration, according to the 2017-th diagnostic criteria. Results and discussions. Clinical features of a 66-year-old patient with Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, typical changes detected by brain MRI, typical EEG characteristics are presented, and the use of modern laboratory biomarkers of the disease, which provide the greatest opportunities for intravital diagnosis of this disease, is considered. Conclusions. We describe a rare case of sporadic variant of CREUTZFELDT–JAKOB disease and modern possibilities of lifetime diagnosis.