Valorization of Livestock Manure and Agricultural Residue for Biogas-Based Circular Economy in Kırklareli Province, Türkiye

Energy consumption is increasing due to population growth, rising prosperity, and the rapid advancement of technology. The predominant use of fossil fuels, which account for 81% of global energy consumption, has led to significant environmental problems, particularly climate change. Climate change has been a key global issue for the past two decades. The Paris Agreement, adopted at COP21 in 2015, marked the first global commitment to reducing greenhouse gas emissions post-2020. In 2019, the European Union (EU) launched the European Green Deal (EGD), aiming to limit global temperature rise to below 2°C and adapt to climate change. The EU's goal is to become the first climate-neutral continent by 2050, reshaping its policies across sectors like industry, energy, transportation, and agriculture. This study emphasizes the benefits of greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation, particularly focusing on the generation of bio-methane derived from livestock manure and agricultural residue in the Kırklareli province of Türkiye. This study also examines CH₄ emissions released by the livestock sector due to processes of enteric fermentation and manure management. According to the results obtained, bio-methane has a potential electricity generation capacity of 566 GWh year-1. CO₂ emissions from biogas energy production are calculated as 261492 tons CO₂eq year-1. Accordingly, the CO₂ emission mitigation capacity is determined to be between 310969 and 443799 tons CO₂eq year-1 based on the IPCC Guidelines' Middle East, Eastern Europe, and Asia values. This study also examines CH₄ emissions released by the livestock sector due to processes of enteric fermentation and manure management. Enteric fermentation and manure management -based CO₂eq emissions were calculated according to Tier 1 and Tier 2 approaches given in the IPCC Guidelines. This study aims to provide policymakers and relevant stakeholders with comprehensive information regarding the diversification of the energy mix. It emphasizes the benefits of GHG mitigation, particularly focusing on the generation of bio-methane derived from livestock manure and agricultural residues in the Kırklareli province of Türkiye.