The role of thrombin in the development of inflammation

Thrombin is the main driver of the linker mechanism for immune response and hemostasis. Due to its specific structure, which determines the selectivity of functional activity against cells of the inflammatory microenvironment, this serine proteinase is actively involved in the processes of inflammation and healing, carcinogenesis and pathological processes of immunity. The uniqueness of its action is revealed due to the presence of special receptors activated by proteinases (PARs). Such factors as their expression on different cell types, the spatiotemporal amount of thrombin, the localization of the pathological process in the body, pathology in the hemostasis and immunity system will determine the variants of events mediated by the presented serine proteinase. The review presents current information on some mechanisms of interaction between the main effector cells of inflammation and thrombin with the participation of PARs. The molecular structure of the latter and the dependence of their functional activity on conformational states are considered. The role of thrombin as one of the main regulators of the immunoinflammation process is highlighted.