HOUSING FOR CIVIL SERVANTS IN UZHHOROD 1919 – 1938: LEGISLATION, HOUSING POLICY, REGIONAL FEATURES

The paper focuses on the analysis of the reasons for construction of residential buildings for civil servants in interwar Uzhhorod by the government of the First Czechoslovak Republic. The impetus for these processes was the housing crisis that arose due to the relocation of numerous Czechoslovak civil servants and their families to the central city of Subcarpathian Ruthenia. Accordingly, providing housing for this segment of the city's population became a top priority for the government. A guiding vector, certain limitations, and at the same time, a corridor of opportunities in the housing construction sector in the Republic was the legislation, in particular, the "Law on the Support of the Construction Industry» (Zákon o stavebním ruchu), with amendments and additions over the years. An innovative tool in resolving the housing crisis was the introduction of «lottery state loans" (státní losová výpůjčka, státní slosovatelná půjčka) within the framework of the law. Using the example of Uzhhorod's implementations, the article also articulates the impact of state «principles» published in the official bulletin Reports of the Technical State Service (Zprávy veřejné služby technické) on the external and internal parameters of state housing buildings. This study is the first to comprehensively analyse the emergence of districts and individual residential objects in the city and to analyze their characteristics following state legislation and principles. Based on documents from the State Archives of Zakarpattia Oblast, several newly discovered objects have been introduced into scientific circulation, data has been supplemented, and the attribution of several already known buildings has been carried out. For the first time in scientific circulation, the issue of the location of residences in non-residential buildings in Uzhhorod is introduced separately. However, the necessity of such placement remains debatable. The study identifies solutions in urban planning and housing crisis issues irrelevant to modern challenges as well as entirely innovative and relevant ones that could be applied even today. The interdisciplinary study may interest specialists in architectural history, regional studies, law, and professionals and organizations involved in reconstructing the housing stock.