ESG audits in Lebanon: SLR on linking governance and sustainability in times of crisis

Organizations in Lebanon urgently need environmental, social, and governance (ESG) audits to evaluate sustainability practices and ethical governance. These audits ensure compliance with global standards, enhance transparency, and build investor trust, vital for resilient business operations. Lebanon’s worsening economic crisis, political instability, and environmental degradation hinder sustainability efforts and expose governance weaknesses. This study conducts a systematic literature review (SLR) using Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar to assess ESG audit progress in Lebanon and its role in aligning governance with sustainable development during crises. Thematic analysis of 30 peer-reviewed articles reveals slow ESG adoption due to weak regulatory oversight, inconsistent reporting, and limited organizational capacity. The study highlights the potential of ESG audits to improve accountability and investor confidence, even amid instability. To support adoption, the research recommends implementing global standards such as GRI, SASB, and TCFD. It also calls for future empirical studies on ESG performance across sectors, emphasizing innovations like green finance and tech-based solutions.