Advancing Hybrid Vehicle Energy Systems: Integration of Supercapacitors for Enhanced Performance and Efficiency

As countries around the world look for ways to transition away from carbon-based energy and carbon vehicles, the global automotive industry responds with new developments and trends that are changing the face of transportation as we know it. One new approach being explored to reduce carbon footprint and fossil fuel reliance is the hybrid, which integrates traditional internal combustion engine systems with electric propulsion. Nevertheless, these machines can no longer escape the issues of energy management under fast acceleration and regenerative brake actions. However, hybrid vehicle systems will need assistive dealing with these constraints techniques, the way to address the questions is to perform an extensive review associated with the main body of knowledge in line with the application of these components. The “Hybrid Vehicle Supercapacitor” system uses the complementary characteristics of a conventional battery and a supercapacitor to arrive at a balanced energy storage solution. By utilizing supercapacitors' high-power density and rapid charge-discharge capabilities alongside the energy storage capacity of conventional batteries, the system optimizes energy capture during braking and energy delivery during acceleration. This integration is facilitated through an intelligent control system based on Arduino Nano microcontroller technology, enabling real-time monitoring and adaptive management of energy flow between components. The paper discusses the system architecture, component selection, implementation methodology, performance evaluation, and future development prospects. The findings demonstrate that this hybridized energy storage approach significantly improves vehicle performance, extends battery lifespan, reduces energy losses, and contributes to greater environmental sustainability in the automotive sector.