Advances in Gait Disorders in Parkinson’s Disease

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder among the elderly, marked by progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the presence of Lewy bodies. The depletion of dopamine in the striatum and the resulting imbalance between dopamine and acetylcholine neurotransmitters lead to a gradual worsening of symptoms. These encompass both motor manifestations such as tremors, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability, as well as non-motor symptoms including sleep disorders, olfactory impairment, autonomic dysfunction, and cognitive or psychiatric disturbances. This review examines the pathogenesis, clinical progression, and therapeutic interventions for PD-related gait disturbances. The discussion focuses on potential mechanisms driving gait dysfunction, the evolution of symptoms across different disease stages, and current treatment options ranging from pharmacological to rehabilitative approaches. By integrating these perspectives, the article seeks to contribute novel insights into the diagnosis and management of PD, with the ultimate goal of improving patients’ functional mobility and overall quality of life. Through a comprehensive analysis of existing evidence and emerging strategies, it highlights opportunities to address unmet needs in PD care, emphasizing personalized and multidisciplinary solutions to optimize long-term outcomes for affected individuals.