Extracellular Vesicles: Role in Disease Biology

Membrane-enclosed structures known as Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) are effective for conducting intercellular connection. They are diverse and include apoptotic bodies, micro vesicles and exosomes. Vascular Endothelial Cells (VEs) and Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are two examples of the diverse biological sources from which EVs are produced. Numerous illnesses, such as atherosclerosis, thromboembolism, osteoarthritis, chronic renal disease, pulmonary hypertension and periodontitis, have been linked to them. Autoimmune illnesses, nervous system’s disorders, heart diseases, respiratory syndromes, integumentary disorders are characterized by inflammation, the simultaneous deterioration of articular cartilage, joint discomfort and physiological limitations that ultimately creates disabilities. The function of extracellular vesicular cells in various illnesses and their potential medical uses will be the main topics of this review. Our discussion will also be about how EVs promote several diseases and can be used as a therapeutic biomarker. Overall, in this paper we have tried to provide a future direction to cure diseases by using Extracellular vesicles.