Public Awareness of Risk factors, Warning signs and Preventive Practices for Cardiovascular Disease; A Cross-Sectional Study in Fayoum Governorate

Background: Awareness of Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, symptoms, and preventive measures is crucial for effective management and reduction of CVD incidence. Objectives: To evaluate public awareness regarding CVD risk factors, warning signs, and protective dietary habits. Additionally, to assess perception and preventive practices related to CVD. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Fayoum Governorate among individuals aged 20 to 70. Data were collected through a structured interview questionnaire, which was modified from the WHO stepwise questionnaire. Knowledge scores were calculated and categorized into three levels: poor, moderate, and good, while practice scores were classified into two levels: appropriate and inappropriate). Results: A total of 2500 participants were included. The majority were under 50 years and 58.4% were males. The majority of participants recognized key CVD risk factors like hypertension (71.3%) and obesity (70.1%). Awareness of warning signs was high; 69% identified dyspepsia and 67.4% chest pain. Dietary awareness was strong, except for whole grains as protective (43.4%). Regarding knowledge levels, the majority fell into the moderate category (47.2%), with fewer participants displaying good (18.8%) or poor (34.0%) total knowledge levels. Preventive practices were found to be insufficient, with only 20% demonstrating appropriate preventive behaviors. Using multivariate regression analysis, higher education and urban residence were significant predictors of good knowledge, while male sex and knowledge level were key predictors of appropriate practice. Conclusions: Despite reasonable awareness of CVD, preventive practices remain low, highlighting the need for targeted educational programs to enhance knowledge and promote healthier lifestyle choices.