Brucella and Brucellosis: Ancient Origins, Modern Challenges

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease that adversely affects animal and human health, leading to significant losses. The genome of Brucella melitensis (B. melitensis), a major pathogen of the disease today, dating back 8,000 years, was identified through archaeological studies conducted in Türkiye. Since B. melitensis was first scientifically described in 1887, numerous species associated with brucellosis have been identified. The booklet published by the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) lists 12 species currently associated with brucellosis. Although some researchers consider incorporating Ochrobactrum species within the genus Brucella due to genetic similarities, this approach is clearly erroneous and could negatively impact efforts to combat brucellosis. Brucellosis is a meaningful term closely linked to the Brucella species and refers to an ancient disease caused by highly pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, maintaining the classification of species definitively associated with the disease within the genus Brucella is crucial for effective disease control and eradication programs.