Morphology, physiology, and biochemistry responses of Chenopodium quinoa Wild. to aqueous extract stress of Anthurium andraeanum L. and Strelitzia reginae Ait.

In recent years, quinoa; has become one of the important plants in arid and semi-arid regions of many countries due to its nutritional properties and high compatibility with the environment. This plant is derived originally from the same type of weed with a high genetic diversity. The quinoa has entered Iran as an immigrant plant since 1995, so that its botanical changes has not been done as a native plant. Also, if the quinoa is planted once as a garden crop will grow for many years due to high seed loss. Field research showed that Strelitzia reginae and Anthurium andreanum species grow in some gardens of northern Iran. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to assess the allelopathic stress of different parts (i.e., root, stem, and leaf) of two ornamental tested plants (i.e., A. andraeanum and S. reginae) on the characteristics of morphology, physiology, and biochemistry of the quinoa under hydroponic culture condition. This experiment was carried out as a factorial based on the completely randomized design with three replications in 2022.According to the results, the response of the morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of the quinoa to the allelopathic stress of the two tested plants depended on the species and organ type. Findings also showed that the plant dry weight of the quinoa was significantly stimulated in response to allelopathic stress of both root and stem of S. reginae aqueous extracts by 11.11% and 15.43%, respectively. The results also showed that stem extract of S. reginae significantly increased total chlorophyll