Enterococci: An Evolving Threat of Multidrug Resistance and Linezolid Resistance in the Clinical Era

Background: Enterococcus species, formerly seen as harmless gut flora, have developed into an increasing health threat in the healthcare environment due to their ability to develop resistance to multiple antibiotics. Now, they are among the most common etiological agents of nosocomial infections, particularly in patients who are vulnerable and immunocompromised. This review aims to critically review the taxonomy, virulence factors, and antimicrobial resistance mechanisms of Enterococcus species, with a special focus on linezolid resistance, based on literature from the past decade to support better clinical management and infection control strategies. Conclusion: Linezolid-resistant Enterococcus species have emerged as significant clinical threats due to their adaptability, diverse resistance mechanisms, and remarkable ability to spread in healthcare settings. Tackling this challenge requires rapid diagnostics, strict infection control measures, and responsible antibiotic use. Continued research, innovation, and global collaboration are essential to develop new treatment options and to prevent the further spread of resistance.