Can Potassium,Amino Acids, and Yeast Foliar Applications Enhance Growth, Nutrient and Biochemical Contents of Peanut ( Arachis hypogaea ) Grown on a Calcareous Soil under Salinity Stress?

Field experiment was performed throughout two summer seasons 2022 and 2023 at El -Hamoal, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt to explore the effect of phosphogypsum and agrochemical sulfur alone as well as their dual treatment in the main plots, in addition, applied of glycine betaine and ascorbic acid as plant spraying in the subplots on enhancing some physiochemical characteristics of saline-sodic soil, cotton production and some biochemical constituents.The experiment was arranged in a split plot design with three replicates.The obtained results could be summed up as follow: The implementation of two soil amendments (phosphogypsum and sulfur) significantly reduced soil bulk density, but enhanced total porosity, hydraulic conductivity, field capacity and wilting point in both seasons.Additionally, all the used materials caused an increment in soil available phosphorus and the concentration of soluble calcium, magnesium ions.Meanwhile, it reduced soil pH, exchangeable sodium percentage, electrical conductivity and the concentration of soluble sodium ion in both seasons compared to untreated salinized plots.On contrast, the values of previous characters were not affected with foliar treatments singly during two seasons relative to control.Furthermore, data showed that all the used treatments increased seed germination % and plant growth parameters, Leaf chemical composition and Yield & its components.Regarding effects of stress mitigators, results revealed that glycine betaine or ascorbic acid significantly increased leaf content of photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophylls and carotenoids.Also, improved all studied growth parameters, number of fruiting branches per plant, plant height and leaf area per plant, and yield and its components, number of setting bolls, boll weight, number of open bolls and yield of seed cotton compared to control.Generally, glycine betaine was more effective than ascorbic acid in improving plant growth and yield.It could be concluded from these results that foliar spraying with glycine betaine and ascorbic acid positively mitigated the adverse effects on cotton growth and yield under salt stress.