Stimulatory effects of nicotinamide and Moringa oleifera leaf extract on growth and biochemical responses of Vicia faba under salt-induced stress

Salinization is a more widespread kind of abiotic stress that restricts plant growth worldwide. Plants possess effective defenses against harmful oxidative reactions by scavenging reactive oxygen species. Our study was designed to analyze the effects of nicotinamide and Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MLE) used either alone or in combined on the growth and fruit yield of faba bean (Vicia faba) plants exposed to salt stress situations. During plant growth, the foliar application of different concentrations of nicotinamide at 5, 10, and 20 mg/L and/or Moringa oleifera leaf extract dilutions (30 times) MLE (30) was applied. Plants were watered with saline water at a concentration of 100 mM NaCl. The results revealed the application of nicotinamide either separately or in combination with MLE increased growth criteria and yield components of the stressed plants, particularly by using 10 mg/L nicotinamide plus MLE (30). In addition, the contents chlorophyll, total pigments, total carbohydrates, total protein, minerals, and nonenzymatic components (total phenol, anthocyanin, ascorbic acid flavonoids & proline contents) and antioxidant activity were increased by using these treatments.Keywords Faba bean, Moringa oleifera, Nicotinamide, Antioxidant enzymes, salinity, Yield.