Clinico-Epidemiological Profile of Testicular Tumors in North Egypt, Single Center Study

Background: Testicular cancer (TC) comprises about 1% of male neoplasms and holds the distinction of being the most encountered tumour among young males. TC represents major therapeutic challenges in developing countries with poor outcomes. Aim: To identify the clinico-epidemiologic profile of testicular tumours in Oncology Center, Mansoura University (OCMU) in Egypt. Patients and Methods: This retrospective descriptive study included 129 patients presented with manifestations of testicular tumour and presented to OCMU within the period from January 2006 to January 2024. The collected data from the medical records of the patients at OCMU included sociodemographic factors, associated morbidities, predisposing factors, manifestations, site of the tumour, histological types, staging and therapeutic option. Results: the age mean was (36.1 ± 13.1) years, 13 (10.1%) presented with testicular anomalies: 8 (6.2%) had an undescended right testicle, there was painless enlargement of testis in 91 cases (70.5%), painful enlargement of testicles in 13 cases (10.1%), and abdominal pain in ten cases (7.8%). The distribution of histologic types in the current study aligns with the well-documented predominance of germ cell tumours (GCT) among testicular neoplasms. The scrotal ultrasound (US) findings showed that 42.6% exhibited heterogeneous echo-patterns, another 42.6% presented with hypoechoic lesions, 11.6% had normal echo-patterns, and 1.6% showed hyperechoic lesions. Conclusion: The present study provided valuable insights into the histologic subtypes, imaging findings, tumour marker variations, staging, and treatment modalities of testicular cancer. There was predominance of germ cell tumours. Scrotal ultrasound findings varied, with heterogeneous and hypoechoic patterns being the most common.