Atorvastatin Mediates Down Regulation of IFN-λ / Il-1ß /NF-kB on Testicular Inflammation in Experimental Male Rats

Goats are highly vulnerable to various reproductive disorders, including endometritis that adversely affect their productivity and hinder breeding programs.The limitations and side effects of conventional treatments have prompted the research for alternative therapies to treat endometritis.Eugenol, a major component of clove essential oil, is known for its potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of eugenol as an alternative to ceftiofur for treating experimentally induced endometritis in female goats by assessing selected clinicopathological parameters.Twenty pluriparous Baladi (n=20) does (female goats) were assigned into four equal groups, each comprising five goats.Estrus synchronization was achieved using synthetic prostaglandin to ensure all goats had the same luteal phase.The control group (Control) received 3 ml of normal saline, while the remaining three groups underwent experimental induction of endometritis via intrauterine infusion of 3 ml of 95% ethanol.Among these, the endometritis group (ENM) received no treatment.The (ENM+EGL) group was treated with 3 ml of eugenol (16 mg/ml, single dose), and the (ENM+CEF) group was treated with 3 ml of ceftiofur (125 mg, single dose).Blood samples were collected two weeks post-induction to evaluate the leukogram profile, serum biochemical variables, oxidative stress, and antioxidant biomarkers.Results indicated significant increases in the serum concentration of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), urea, creatinine, and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), alongside superoxide dismutase (SOD), total protein, albumin, and globulin were reduced considerably.The histopathological findings revealed severe lesions in the endometrium of affected does.Both eugenol and ceftiofur mitigated these changes, although ceftiofur demonstrated superior efficacy.