Microbubble‐Enhanced Plasma Water Nitrogen Fixation and its Impact on Plant Growth

ABSTRACT Nitrogen is vital for agriculture, but traditional methods like the Haber‐Bosch process are energy‐intensive and harmful to the environment. This study utilizes Plasma‐Activated Microbubble (PAMB) technology to improve nitrogen fixation efficiency by enhancing gas‐liquid interaction. PAMB increased nitrate concentration from 170 mg/L to 215 mg/L while reducing energy use by 17%. Applied to soil and hydroponic systems, PAMB products boosted growth, with hydroponics achieving higher biomass and soil cultivation supporting healthier root structures. These results highlight PAMB's potential for sustainable, efficient, and decentralized fertilizer production, offering an innovative path for agricultural development.