Connection between Type 2 Diabetes and Alzheimer\'s disease: Insights from epidemiology to mechanisms and treatment approaches

Connection between Type 2 Diabetes and Alzheimer\'s disease: Insights from epidemiology to mechanisms and treatment approaches - This paper aspires to present an extensive exploration of the epidemiological data that connects Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and its associated ailments, including obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and metabolic syndrome, to the onset of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Objective is to delve into the intricate workings, especially the nuances of insulin resistance and deficiency, that might illuminate the relationship linking T2DM and AD, and to evaluate the promise of anti-diabetic medications in the therapeutic landscape of AD. A comprehensive exploration was conducted to examine the research on the relationship between insulin resistance and deficiency with amyloid-β accumulation and tau protein phosphorylation, both of which are key factors in the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease. The study focused on clinical investigations involving anti-diabetic medications such as thiazolidinediones, metformin, insulin, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, evaluating their potential use in Alzheimer's treatment. Epidemiological and foundational studies indicate that Alzheimer's Disease (AD) may be likened to