Legal implications of the Indonesian President’s Regulation accelerating development at IKN

This study aimed to investigate changes in the duration of land-use rights before and after the issuance of Presidential Regulation No. 75 of 2024 and to identify normative conflicts arising in Indonesian agrarian regulations. The research employed a normative approach, focusing on laws, regulations, legal doctrines, and relevant legal theories. This study identified a normative conflict between the restrictions in the Basic Agrarian Law of Indonesia and the provisions of Regulation No. 75, which significantly extends the duration of land-use rights. Before the issuance of Regulation No. 75 of 2024, the granting of land-use rights was regulated by Law No. 5 of 1960 “On Agrarian Principles”, which stipulated a grand period of 35 years, extendable for the same period, with a maximum duration of 50 years. However, Regulation No. 75 now stipulates a grant period of 95 years, extendable for another 95 years, allowing for a maximum total of 190 years. This discrepancy creates a misalignment between existing legal provisions and the policies introduced by the Presidential Regulation, leading to legal uncertainties in its enforcement. The findings highlighted the application of the principle lex superior derogat legi priori, meaning that higher-ranking regulations override lower-ranking ones. Accordingly, this study emphasised the need for harmonisation between agrarian regulations and other sectoral policies to mitigate conflicts and ensure sustainable and efficient land management aligned with established legal principles