Isolation, characterization, antidiabetic and antityrosinase potentials of compounds isolated from Anabasis Articulata

• Anabasis articulata is a potential medicinal plant explored extensively for a broad range of biological spectrum. • Previously we documented the antidiabetic properties of its extracts and purified fractions. • Herein 4 potentially active compounds have been isolated and tested for their antidiabetic and antityrosinase potentials. • Out of the isolated compounds, compound 1 might be a drug candidate for treating for diabetes, hyperpigmentation disorders, and oxidative stress. Herein, we report the isolation, characterization, in silico evaluation and biological potentials of four compounds ( 1 - 4 ) isolated from A. Articulata. All compounds (isoleteolin ( 2 ), hyperoside ( 3 ) and quercitrin ( 4 )) demonstrated antioxidant properties; notably, quercetin ( 1 ) exhibited exceptional free-radical scavenging activity (87.75% DPPH and 85.75% ABTS at 1000 µg/mL) with an IC 50 value of 62 µg/mL, and 35 µg/mL, respectively against the tested radicals. The antidiabetic potential was revealed through the inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase. All 4 compounds exhibited α-glucosidase activity (IC 50 =32-110 µg/mL) and α-amylase (30-59 µg/mL), among them quercetin showed maximum inhibition of 89.92% at 1000 µg/mL against α-glucosidase with an IC 50 value of 32 µg/mL, and 85.98% inhibition at 1000 µg/mL against α-amylase with an IC 50 value of 30 µg/mL. Next, along with quercetin, all compounds displayed dose-dependent behaviour in tyrosinase inhibition with IC 50 values ranging from 4.14-75.99 µM, whereas Lineweaver Burk and Dixon plots, displayed that quercetin with potent inhibition exhibited a competitive mode of inhibition. Further, in silico analyses validated the enzymatic binding affinity of quercetin with docking scores against α-glucosidase ( -5.37 kcal/mol), α-amylase (-5.82 kcal/mol), and tyrosinase (-5.37 kcal/mol), respectively. ADMET study revealed that quercetin possesses adequate water solubility, high bioavailability, and low toxicity. These results imply that quercetin has a great deal of promise as a treatment for diabetes, hyperpigmentation disorders, and oxidative stress.