Self-efficacy: cognitive and affective aspects of the phenomenon

This article analyzes the concept of self-efficacy based on a review of foreign literature. Rather than providing a systematic review of empirical research, the paper aims to describe the nature and structure of the concept. The historical development of self-efficacy is traced, starting from A. Bandura's social learning theory, and the key characteristics of the phenomenon are explored, including cognitive and affective processes, the locus of control, and the role of social experiences in shaping self-efficacy. Self-efficacy, as defined by А. Bandura, refers to the belief in one’s ability to organize and execute the actions needed to achieve specific goals. This belief impacts an individual’s motivation, performance, and psychological well-being. The article examines self-efficacy as a dynamic construct, emphasizing its role in various areas. It highlights how self-efficacy influences persistence, resilience, and coping strategies in challenging situations. The paper explores cognitive processes that underpin self-efficacy, such as how individuals assess their capabilities and the role of past experiences. It also considers the affective components of self-efficacy, including emotional responses to success or failure. Furthermore, the article examines the locus of control, which relates to an individual’s perception of their ability to influence events in their life, as a crucial factor in shaping self-efficacy beliefs. Social experiences, such as feedback and support from others, are also identified as key contributors. By analyzing these elements, the article enhances the understanding of self-efficacy’s significance in psychological practice and research. It underscores the importance of fostering self-efficacy in therapeutic and educational settings to support personal growth and achievement.