Study of theoretical models of social and psychological adaptation and their application to severely wounded combatants

The article is devoted to the study of theoretical models of socio-psychological adaptation and their application to severely wounded combatants. It is noted that servicemen often face not only physical injuries but also deep psychological consequences due to stressful situations, loss of comrades, and adaptation to a new way of life after being wounded. It is determined that adaptation is a multidimensional process that encompasses physical, emotional and social changes that are necessary for successful adjustment to new living conditions after combat. The article pays special attention to the approach of A. Osnitsky, who emphasizes that the level of social and psychological adaptation is enhanced by personal driving forces of development, such as self-esteem, self-acceptance, acceptance of others, social orientation and the desire for leadership. These factors play a key role in shaping a positive psychological climate that allows severely wounded combatants to cope more effectively with the challenges of their adaptation and create conditions for active interaction with the environment. High self-esteem and the ability to accept both oneself and others contribute to the development of resilience, which is essential for successful integration into society and overcoming trauma-related barriers. The article analyzes the main theoretical approaches to adaptation used in the work with severely injured military personnel. The application of such models as cognitive-behavioral, psychoanalytic, social-psychological, coping-behavior model, Levin's model of change and the model of resilience is described. The article highlights how each of these models contributes to overcoming stress, restoring emotional balance and integrating wounded combatants into society after trauma. Possible situations of application of models of socio-psychological adaptation for severely wounded combatants are presented.