Development and validation of a lateral flow immunoassay using colloidal gold for the identification of feline herpesvirus type 1

Abstract Feline herpesvirus type 1 (FHV-1) is a common and highly contagious pathogen in domestic cats that causes upper respiratory tract infections and ocular diseases. Accurate and rapid diagnosis of FHV-1 infections is essential for effective disease management and control. In this study, we developed an immunochromatographic lateral flow (ICLF) assay for the rapid and accurate detection of FHV-1-specific antibodies. The assay was founded upon the successful expression and purification of a 26 kDa recombinant glycoprotein B-glycoprotein D (gB-gD) fusion protein, which served as the primary antigen for the test. Rigorous testing for specificity and cross-reactivity confirmed the strip’s ability to exclusively detect FHV-1 antibodies, even in the presence of a variety of other feline viruses. The assay demonstrated excellent precision, reproducibility across dilutions, and long-term stability, retaining efficacy for 24 months during storage. Furthermore, clinical sample analysis revealed exceptional sensitivity (97%) and specificity (100%). In conclusion, the ICLF strip developed in this study represents a reliable, highly specific, and stable diagnostic tool for the rapid detection and management of FHV-1 infections in cats.