Diverse abietane diterpenoids as multifunctional antimicrobial effects from <scp><i>Salvia castanea</i></scp>

The result highlights the significant antifungal and antibacterial potential of abietane diterpenoids from Salvia castanea, particularly Castanoid C. These findings suggest their broad applicability in agriculture, especially for controlling diseases in rape, apple, and tomato crops. This research provides a foundation for developing natural, effective antimicrobial agents, advancing the field of plant disease management. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.