Systematic Review of <i>Ayurvedic</i> Treatments for Iron Deficiency Anaemia: Evidence and Insights

Introduction: Iron Deficiency Anaemia (IDA), referred to as Pandu Roga in Ayurveda, is a prevalent global health issue characterized by pallor and systemic symptoms associated with disruption in the Rasa and Rakta dhatus. Ayurvedic texts classify Pandu Roga into various types based on doshic involvement, emphasizing its multifaceted pathogenesis. Methods: This systematic review evaluates Ayurvedic interventions for IDA through 11 randomized controlled trials conducted from 2015 to 2024. Studies included Shamana Chikitsa approaches targeting symptomatic relief and haematological restoration using formulations like Punarnava Mandura, Dhatri Lauha, and Vajravatak Mandura. Trials employed diverse designs, including open-label, single-blind, and double-blind methodologies, with randomization methods such as Simple Random Sampling. Results: Significant improvements were observed in subjective symptoms (pallor, weakness) and objective haematological parameters (haemoglobin levels, red blood cell counts, serum iron) across the reviewed studies. Combinations like Darvyadi Lauha and Vasadi Kashaya demonstrated superior efficacy compared to individual treatments, highlighting their potential in managing IDA. Discussion: The findings underscore the potential of Ayurvedic interventions in addressing IDA, especially in populations preferring traditional medicine or facing accessibility challenges. Methodological diversity enhances the robustness of findings while advocating for standardized protocols and larger-scale studies to validate efficacy and safety. Integrating Ayurvedic insights into mainstream healthcare frameworks could enhance holistic approaches to global health challenges. Major Findings: The included 11 RCTs demonstrated that Ayurvedic Shamana Chikitsa significantly improved hemoglobin levels and associated symptoms of Iron Deficiency Anaemia across all age groups. Punarnava Mandura and Navayasa Lauha showed consistent efficacy, with better tolerability compared to conventional iron therapy. Age-specific responses indicated favorable outcomes in children, adults, and the elderly.