Pharmacological Management of Osteoporosis in Geriatric Populations: A Comprehensive Literature Review

Osteoporosis is a systemic metabolic bone disease characterized by progressive loss of bone mineral density (BMD) and deterioration of bone microarchitecture, leading to increased bone fragility and susceptibility to low-energy fractures. This condition is of particular concern in geriatric populations, where its prevalence reaches critical levels. Epidemiological studies indicate that osteoporosis affects one in three women and one in five men over 65 years of age, representing a significant medical and socioeconomic burden. The clinical significance of osteoporosis stems from its severe complications, including chronic pain syndrome, profound mobility limitations, reduced quality of life, and increased risks of disability and mortality (particularly following hip fractures). Consequently, developing effective treatment and prevention strategies for osteoporosis in elderly and senile patients remains a priority in modern gerontology and osteology. Contemporary pharmacological approaches to osteoporosis management include antiresorptive (bisphosphonates, denosumab) and anabolic (teriparatide, romosozumab) agents, with treatment selection requiring careful consideration of age-related factors, comorbidities, and individual fracture risk profiles. This review synthesizes current evidence on pharmacological interventions for osteoporosis in geriatric practice, including emerging therapeutic strategies and future treatment directions.