Ethical leadership: unveiling the influences of situational and high-level contextual factors within local governments

Purpose Several studies have examined and established a positive effect of individual leader characteristics on ethical leadership (EL) behavior, but little focus has been paid to the higher-level contextual factors and situational factors that significantly impact the development of EL behaviors. This study aims to examine the influence of two contextual- and situational factors, organizational justice (OJ) and ethical climate (EC) on the development of EL behaviors. Design/methodology/approach The authors gathered field data from the health care and primary educational sector in the Mayuge district local government to test the set hypotheses. Through cross-sectional research design, a total of 265 staff provided their opinions toward OJ, EC and EL behaviors of their leaders. Findings Empirical findings showed that both OJ and EC had a positive effect on EL behaviors. Specifically, local government leaders developed and exhibited ethical behaviors when they perceived a just and ethical environment. Originality/value Based on perceptions, this study reveals how OJ and EC can support the development of EL behavior in local governments in developing countries. Also, this study suggests that local values and norms affect perceptions of EL and that leaders’ morality can influence their EL behavior, underscoring the need for understanding the culture and context of EL and realizing its standing within its surroundings.