Trauma and gunshot wounds during pregnancy (literature review)

Introduction. The environment remains unsafe for all mankind. Road traffic accidents, armed conflicts, accidents at home, in sports, at work, and domestic violence still pose a danger to the mother and fetus, and the number of cases of injury to pregnant women has not decreased over the years.The objective of the review. To summarize historical and current data on injuries and wounds to pregnant women and fetuses, as well as the principles of providing them with medical care.Materials and methods. An extensive literature review was conducted using the RINTS and MEDLINE (PubMed) databases as of March-April 2025 using keywords and a filter: systematic review, clinical cases.Results. There is no monitoring of injuries to pregnant women and fetuses; an injured pregnant patient is unique, since both the mother and fetus are exposed to danger with different sensitivities and reactions to injury. The severity of the injury is an important prognostic factor for the survival of both the mother and the fetus: the more severe the injury, the worse the outcome for the victims. Each described case of injury to a pregnant woman and her fetus is unique, it is difficult to predict the outcome, therefore medical care in such cases should be provided with the involvement of a multidisciplinary team of specialists in a multidisciplinary institution (in case of patient transportability) or with the involvement of specialists in the institution closest to the injury site (in case of patient non-transportability).Conclusion. A pregnant woman and her fetus are the most vulnerable group of the population, including to external traumatic effects of various nature. Each case of injury is unique, requires a personalized approach, the outcome of which depends on the severity of the injury, the stage of the gestational process, the efforts of a multidisciplinary team of specialists.