Optimizing Early Rehabilitation After anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in Athletes: Comparing Active and Conservative Approaches

Background and purpose The search for optimal rehabilitation strategies following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in athletes remains a relevant issue. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of active and conservative rehabilitation protocols on the recovery of knee joint range of motion and quadriceps strength in athletes after primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Material and Methods A prospective, randomized controlled trial involved thirteen athletes (mean age 24.5 ± 3.2 years) who underwent primary arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Participants were randomly assigned to either an active rehabilitation group (n=6), involving early mobilization and progressive loading, or a conservative rehabilitation group (n=7), with an emphasis on load prevention and a minimal number of exercises. Passive knee joint range of motion (ROM) (goniometry) and isometric quadriceps strength (hand-held dynamometer) were assessed before and after a six-week rehabilitation program. ResultsBoth groups demonstrated significant improvements in knee joint ROM and quadriceps strength after six weeks of rehabilitation (p < 0.05 for both within-group comparisons). However, a statistically significant difference was found between the groups in the change of knee joint ROM (p < 0.001), with a greater improvement in the active rehabilitation group (mean change 57.17° ± 12.34°) compared to the conservative group (mean change 28.83° ± 11.56°). No statistically significant difference was observed between the groups in the change of quadriceps strength (p = 0.780). ConclusionsAn active rehabilitation protocol leads to a significantly greater improvement in knee joint range of motion in the early recovery phase after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction reconstruction in athletes compared to a conservative protocol. Both protocols are effective in restoring quadriceps strength within six weeks of rehabilitation.