FT-IR Analysis of Ultrasonic-assisted Extracts of Total Alkaloid and Total Phenolic Contents from Uvaria chamae (Annonaceae) Root Bark and its Biological Effects

Background: The concept of sustainable development relevant nowadays creates a beneficial approach both environmentally and economically eco-friendly. This motivates the use of an innovative extraction technique with a positive environmental impact to obtain the active ingredients of plants. Aims: Besides Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis of U. chamae root bark extracts. This study investigates the antioxidant and antiplasmodial potential of various crude extracts from the root bark of Uvaria chamae P. Beauv (Annonaceae). Methods: Two extraction techniques and different solvents were used. Ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) and magnetic stirring extraction with ethanol and hydroethanolic solvent (30:70). The total alkaloid content (TAC) and total phenolic content (TPC) were quantified using the acid dye colorimetric method and the Folin-Ciocalteu method, respectively. The antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging method and In vitro antiplasmodial activity was evaluated through the SYBR Green I-based fluorescence assay. Results: Total Alkaloid Content (TAC) and Total Phenolic Content (TPC) with values of (1.5 ± 0.3) μgAE/g of extract and (11.6 ± 0.4) μgGAE/g of extract, respectively are obtained. IC50 values of antioxidant potential ranging from (0.075 ± 0.001 to 0.183 ± 0.003) mg mL-1. IC50 values of antiplasmodial activity ranging from (9.84 ± SD to 28.69 ± SD) µg mL-1. The extraction yield of 9.80% achieved with UAE demonstrated its superior efficiency compared to the conventional solvent extraction method, which yielded only 3.18%. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis of U. chamae root bark extracts identified the presence of active functional groups typically associated with alkaloids and polyphenols. Conclusion: Obtained results using the green extraction method (UAE) confirming its suitability and efficiency for recovering secondary metabolites with antioxidant and antiplasmodial potential from U. chamae root bark. This provides a strong database for pharmaceutical research and the galenic formulation of phytomedicines against oxidative stress with antimalarial properties. Graphical Abstract: