Determining optimum conditions for biofilm formation by <i>Salmonella</i> isolates and anti-biofilm activity of cinnamon essential oil nanoemulsion

This study aimed to determine the optimum conditions for biofilm formation by <i>Salmonella</i> isolates and evaluate the effect of cinnamon essential oil nanoemulsion (CEON) against <i>Salmonella</i> biofilms formed under these conditions. The optimum conditions for biofilm formation by <i>Salmonella</i> serotype Enteritidis and <i>Salmonella</i> serotype Typhimurium were temperatures of 27.3 and 29.7 °C, pH levels of 6.3 and 6.8, and NaCl concentrations of 0.66 and 0.65%, respectively. CEON exhibited a significant inhibitory effect even at low concentrations, with a greater impact on the biofilm of <i>S.</i> Enteritidis compared to <i>S.</i> Typhimurium. The effectiveness of CEON in removing biofilms was increased with higher concentrations and longer contact times, with better results observed at 8 °C compared to 25 °C. In conclusion, CEON demonstrated excellent anti-biofilm activity against <i>S.</i> Enteritidis and <i>S.</i> Typhimurium biofilms, suggesting its potential use as a natural and effective disinfectant in the food industry.